• General principles of analytical biochemistry.
• The concept of pH, Properties of water, dissociation and ionization of acids andbases, pKa, buffers adn buffering mechanisms, dissociations of amino acids and determination of pKa.
• Structure of proteins and metabolism,carbohydrates and lipids.
• Chromatography: principles and application of adsorption, partition, ion-exchange, gel filtration, affinity and high performance liquid chromatography.
• Electrophoresis : moving boundry and zonal electrophoresis, paper and gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing technique.
• Centrifugation techniques and application.
• Electroanalytical methods.
• Principles and applications of ultraviolet and visible light spectrophotometry, NMR spectroscopy, spectroflurmetry and atomic spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy.

• To prepare various buffer solutions required for tissue culture and bio-chemical work.
• Separation of leaf pigment adsorption
• chrnatigraogy.
• Seperation of amino acids by TLC.
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrates.
• Determination of acid value of fat.
• Determination of iodine number of fat.
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins.
• Estimation of Enzyme activity.
• Protein purification by gel filtration chromate graphy.
• Molecular weight determination of proteinthrough SDS PAGE.
• Centrifugation and separation ofcell components.

• Introduction, Development, Present
  Status and Prospects of Mocular
  Biology and Genetic Engineering.
• Replication of DNA,Types, Structure
  and properties of DNA and RNA and
  the genetic code.
• Genome organization in viruses,
  Prokrayotes and eukaryotes.
• Central Dogma,Transcription, Translation,
  Regulation of Gene expression.
• A brief account of repetitive DNA
  sequences, split genes, transposons.
• Introduction to gene mapping, Genomics
• and Metabolomics, ionomics , phenomics
  and proteomics.
• Fundamentals of recombinant DNA
  technology: DNA extraction, labelling
  of nucleic acids, Restriction endonucleases,
  cloning vectors, Isolation and cloning of
  genes,gene libraries.
• Fundamentals of molecular techniques
  and their uses PCR, Gel documentation
  and Blotting techniques.

• Isolation of plasmid DNA from
  E. Coli. (Transformed) cells.
• Quantitation of nucleic acids by
  gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry.
• Isolation of DNA from plant and
  microbial cells.
• Spectrophotometric Determination
  of melting temperature of DNA.
• Demonstration of digestion of DNA
  by restriction endo nuclease and
  agarose gel electrophoresis.
• Isolation of RNA.
• Mutation in yeast by physical
  multagenic agents.

• Microbial growth and nutrition,
  Fermentation Media.
• Microbial metabolism, Glycolysis,
  TCA and Secondary metabolic
  path ways.
• Classes and properties of micro-organisims
  relevant to water, food, alcohal, dairy bio
  fertilizer and bio opertative industries
  etc.Industrial microorfanisms, important
  for water, food alcohol, dairy, biofertilizer
  biopesticide industries, etc..
• Fermentation systems, Aerobic and
  anaerobic, Solid and submerged,
  Surface culture.
• Bioreactors- types and uses. Downstream
  processing-step and methods.
• Microbial enzymes, Protease, Amylates,
  Lipates and their application.
• Fuels and industrial products Ethanol,
  Acetone, Butanol.
• Health care products, Therapeutic and
  Antibiotics.
• Food and beverages fermentaions
  Systems.
• Food additives, Vitamins and
  Aminoacids.
• Waste water treatment: Characterization
  techniques and Methods.

• Sterilization of glasswares and preparation
  of culture media for microbial growth.
• Simple and differential staining of
  different micro- organisms.
• Microbial growth measurement by
  different methods : (Counting, O D.,
  measurement).
• Effect of pH, temperature and substrate
  conc. on growth of microorganisms.
• Fermentative production of alcohol.
• Determination of total dissolved solids
  of water.
• Determination of biological oxygen demand
  (BOD) of water.
• Determination of chemical oxygen demand
  (COD) of water.
• Calony characterzation of micro
  organisms.
• Microscopic determination of shape and
  size of yeast cell.
• Screening and isolation of Azato bacter.
• Maintenance of culture on agar
  medium.
• Production of invertate enzyme.

• Environmental parameters for
  optimum plant growth.
• Photoperiodism, vernalization.
• Green House and polyhouse materials,
  designs & fabrication.
• Cooling, shading, misting, drip irrigation,
  fertilization and fumigation.
• Recording and Computerisation of
  environmental parameters and cultural
  operations.
• Hydroponics.
• Pots, potting mixtures and soil
  sterilization.
• Cultivation of Horticultural plants.
• Hardening of tissue culture derived
  horticultural plants.
• Post-harvest technology.
• Packaging and transportation.
• Intellectual Property Rights.

• Raising of off-season nursery
  in poly houses.
• Preparation of tissue culture
  derived plants for hardening.
• Preparation of soil mix and
  sterilization.
• Hardening of tissue culture
  derived plants.
• Soil culture and hydroponics,
  sand culture of roses and selected
  vegetables in green house.
• Harvesting, preparation, cooling of
  cut flowers and vegetables.
• Packing and transportation
  (Demonstration only).

POLLUTION: Sources of pollution, natural and
manmade, their effects on living
environments and related legislation

• Factors contributing water pollution
  and their effect.
• Domestic waste water and industrial
  waste water. Heavy metals, microbes
  and leaching metal.
• Physical, Chemical and Biological
  Characteristics of waste water.
• Indian Standards for qulity of drinking water.
• Indian Standards for quality of
  treated waste water.
• Treatment methods of effluent
  (domestic waste water and industrial
  / mining waste water), its reuse/safe
  disposal.

• Definition of Air pollution, types of air pollutants
  i.e. SPM, NOX, SOX, GO, CO2, NH3, F, CL,
  causes and its effects on the environment.
• Monitoring and control of air pollutants,
  Control measures techniques. Introductory
  Idea of control equipment in industries i.e.
• Settling chambers
• Cyclones
• Scrubbers (Dry and Wet)
• Multi Clones
• Electro Static Precipitations
• Bog Fillers.
• Ambient air qulaity measurement
  and their standards.
• Process and domestic emission control
• Vehicular Pollution and Its control
  with special emphasis of Euro-I,
  Euro-II, Euro-III and Euro IV.

• Preliminary knowledge of the following
  Acts and rules made there under-
• The Water (Prevention and Control of
  Pollution) Act – 1974.
• The Air (Prevention and Control of
  Pollution) Act – 1981.
• The Environmental Protection (Prevention
  and Control of Pollution) Act -1986. Rules
  notified under EP Act – 1986 Viz.

• Basic concepts, objective and
  methodology of EIA.
• Objectives and requirement of Environmental
  Management System (ISO-14000)
  (An Introduction).

• This is to be organized at a stretch for two to three days. Lectures will be delivered on the following broad topics. There will be no examination for this subject.
• Basics of ecology, eco system and sustainable development
• Conservation of land forms, preservation of species, prevention of advancements of deserts and lowering of water table.
• Sources of pollution – Natural and manmade, their effects on living and non-living organisms
• Pollution of water – causes, effects of domestic wastes and industrial effluent on living and non-living organisms
• Pollution of air – causes and effects of man, animal, vegetation and on non-living organisms
• Sources of noise pollution and its effects
• Mining, blasting, deforestation and their effects
• Legislations to control environment
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Elements for preparing EIA statement.

• Concept of entrepreneurship, need and development of entrepreneurial attitudes and qualities
• Market research and feasibility report – methods for market research and preparation of feasibility report
• Basic resources finance, infrastructure, manpower and training, technology and information resources – their sources, prominent procedure and budgeting etc *
• Assistance available from District Industries Centers, Commercial Banks, State Financial Corporation, Small Industries Service Institute, Research and Development Laboratories/Organizations and other Financial and Developmental Organizations
• Book keeping and material inventory control Quality management, sales and marketing techniques.